Research on Biomedical Engineering is an English-language journal and publishes original research, reviews, technical communications and letters to the editor on current topics in all fields of Biomedical Engineering. Prospective authors should follow the general instructions given below. Submission of a manuscript implies that it has not been published or is currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. For more information, please contact the editorial office.

Manuscripts Categories

Research on Biomedical Engineering encourages submissions of Original articles, Reviews, Technical communications and Letters to the editor, written in English.

Original articles

These articles describe significant methods and results of original research and developments in the area.

Reviews

Review articles should cover themes that are relevant to the area, describing the state of the art with a critical view of recent developments and/or introducing original points of view : they should not be limited to a review of the literature. The submission of this type of article must be made upon invitation or previous consult to the Editor-in-Chief.

Technical communication

Technical communications are considered important tools for disseminating ingenious solutions for design, maintenance, experimental techniques and applied informatics. While not considered as a full scientific article, a technical communication allows readers to benefit from the ingenuity and creativity of the authors.

Letters to the editor

Those letters normally should contain comments or discussion of previously published papers or other topics of interest to the community. Whenever necessary, we shall give the opportunity to authors, organizations or individuals, mentioned in the letter, to respond. The letters are not submitted to peer review and are published at the discretion of the Editorial Board.

Peer Review

Manuscripts submitted in the first three categories (Original Articles, Reviews and Technical Communications) are reviewed by at least two expert consultants, chosen by the associate editor appointed for each article. In addition to the reviewers, the Editor may issue comments and criticism regarding the style and/or the content of the manuscript.

Upon submission of the revised manuscript, authors must provide responses to all of the reviewers´ and editor’s comments and recommendations on a point-to-point basis.

Language

Manuscripts must be submitted in English.

Clear English phrasing is mandatory for review and publication.

The authors are the sole responsible for the contents of the text, including the appropriate use of English language. Submitted manuscripts may be turned out or rejected for poor use of language.

For nonnative speakers, professional English editing services may help improve the presentation of the manuscript prior to journal submission and publication. Examples of such external professional services (not excluding others) are: American Journal Experts (); Scribendi (); Nature Publishing Groups Language Editing (); Enago (); Edanz (); Editage (). Authors are free to use the service that best suits their needs.

Even when external services are used, the sole and final responsibility regarding the manuscript contents remains with the authors.

Electronic Submission

Manuscripts must be submitted in a single file containing the body of the text and all graphics, figures and tables.

Manuscripts and other associated files must be sent through the journal’s Electronic Submission System, where all the information required for user registration and article submission is provided.

Submission of manuscripts should be accompanied by the following documents (PDF format or scanned image files and compressed in ZIP format):

1. Presentation Letter;
2. Authorship responsibility and copyright transfer - this form must be signed by all authors and should contain a declaration of copyright transfer and any financial or similar relationship that may lead to possible conflict of interest - financial and/or professional relation with organizations associated with the products and/or equipment involved in the research (sponsorship, financing, ownership etc);
3. Approved protocol of an accredited Ethics Committee - for research involving humans or animals;
4. IV. Clinical trials must provide registration that satisfies the requirements of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), e.g. and/or . The complete list of all clinical trial registries can be found at: .

Manuscript Preparation

• Manuscripts must be posted in a single ".doc", ".docx" or ".rtf" file, containing the main text, references, figures and tables.
• Adjust paper size to A4, margins 2.0 cm, single column, double spaced and Times New Roman font - size 12.
• All pages and lines must be numbered continuously.
• Manuscripts must begin with a front page containing: title of the article, full names and addresses (department, faculty, university, city and country) of all authors, full address and email of the corresponding author, and a running title (short title).
• Please use no more than three heading sublevels (unnumbered). Some examples of heading formats are:
  • Heading level 1: Times New Roman, 12pt, bold
  • Heading level 2: Times New Roman, 12pt, bold, italic.
  • Heading level 3: Times New Roman, 12pt, italic.
• Figures and Tables must be numbered as they appear in the text and come after the reference list. Legends must contain all relevant information, including the definition of all abbreviations used in the figure or table, independent of their previous definition in the manuscript text. The position of the figures and tables in the final print should be indicated in the manuscript text (ex. [Figure n], [Table n]).
• When using previously published illustrations, authors should upload permission for reproduction from the copyright owner of the original source during submission of the manuscript.
• Metric units (System of International Units - SI) must be used for equations, figures, tables and throughout the text.
• Equations must be numbered consecutively, e.g. (1), (2), (3a), (3b), and justified to the right:
(1)

Letters to the editor

Although there is no specific format for those letters, they may be edited for clarity or length at the editor´s discretion. Manuscripts must be limited to 4 pages of text, including references, but not figures and tables (limited to 2).

Reviews

Must be limited to 20 pages, including the references, but not figures and tables (limited to 8).

These manuscripts must be structured as follows:

1. Front page: as described above;
2. Abstract:: provide a concise presentation of no more than 250 words, in a single paragraph, followed by three to six keywords. Do not use references, footnotes and undefined abbreviations. The abstract must be written in structured format, according to the main headings of the text (e.g. “Introduction”, “Methods” and “Discussion”);
3. Review: the main body of the text can be divided in headings, subheadings and paragraph titles at the discretion of the authors. However, the final structure may be adjusted by the editorial board, if necessary;
4. Acknowledgments please include financial support; and
5. References: see below for reference and citation styles.

Original articles and Technical communications

Original articles must be limited to 20 pages, including the references, but not figures and tables (limited to 8).

Technical communications must be limited to 6 pages, including the references, but not figures and tables (limited to 6).

These manuscripts must be structured as follows:

1. Front page: as described above;
2. Abstract: provide a concise presentation of no more than 250 words, in a single paragraph, and followed by three to six keywords. Do not use references, footnotes and undefined abbreviations. The abstract must be written in structured format, according to the following headings: “Introduction”, “Methods”, “Results” and “Conclusion”;
3. Introduction: describe the subject of investigation, with a brief review of the literature, showing how it relates to other studies in the field, along with the objectives of the work;
4. Methods: give clear and sufficient information to allow other researchers to replicate the work;
5. Results: present the results clearly, including the results of the statistical analysis when applicable;
6. Discussion: the discussion should present a critical analysis of the new findings in the light of existing knowledge and available literature. Repeating information provided earlier should be avoided. The limitations of the study and its implications should be provided here. This section should be concluded with the major scientific contribution of work and its relevance to the current state of the art.
7. Acknowledgments: please include financial support; and
8. References: see below for reference and citation styles.

References and Citations

Research on Biomedical Engineering adopts a style based on the standards of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) -  - for references.

List of references

Only citations that appear in the text should be referenced.

The list of references should be arranged alphabetically by author’s last name. In case of more than one reference of the same authors for same year, they should be distinguished with a lowercase letter after the year (2011a, 2011b). The title of the journals should not be abbreviated. The names of all authors should be listed.

Format of the references

Some examples:

Journal article

Moraes MC, Furuie SS. An approach to automatically segment the media-adventitia borders in IVUS. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Biomédica. 2010; 26(3):219-33.

Oliveira CLC, Vieira CRS, Giannella-Neto A. Transdutor de pressão diferencial capacitivo para medição de fluxo ventilatório. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Biomédica - Caderno de Engenharia Biomédica. 1982; 1(1):5-29.

Article with unique identifier in data bases

Agarwal S, Rao A. Modulation of chromatin structure regulates cytokine gene expression during T-cell differentiation. Immunity. 1998; 9(6):765-75. PubMed: PMID 12000309.

Article published with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Zaphiropoulos PG, Soderkvist P, Hedblad MA, Toftgard R. Genetic instability of microsatellite markers in region q22.3-q31 of chromosome 9 in skin squamous cell carcinomas. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 1994; 201:1495-501. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1873.

Article published electronically "ahead of the print"

Yu WM, Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Qu CK. Immortalization of yolk sac-derived precursor cells. Blood. 2002; 100(10):3828-31. Epub 2002 Jul 5.

Article published on the internet

Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory role. The American Journal of Nursing [internet]. 2002 Jun [cited 2002 Aug 12]; 102(6):[about 1 p.]. Available from: http://www.nursingworld.org/AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htmArticle.

Conference

Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort statistic for genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG, editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin: Springer; 2002. p. 182-91.

Book

Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.

Book chapter

Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

Thesis, dissertation and monograph

Alessi CAC. Leishmaniose cutânea americana no Pontal do Paranapanema - SP: avaliação clínica, histopatológica e uso da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para identificação e caracterização das espécies da Leishmania [thesis]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo; 2007.

Carrara DE. Avaliação prospectiva da qualidade de vida em pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada submetidos à ventriculectomia parcial esquerda [dissertation]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo; 2001. 85p.

Patent

Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopic grasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. United States patent US 20020103498. 2002 Aug 1.

Database on the Internet

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. Bireme. Scielo [Internet]. Botucatu: FAPESP; São Paulo: Bireme; 2000. [cited 2011 Jul 06]. Available from: www.scielo.br.

Citation

References must be cited in the text using the style “author data”, e.g., citations should indicate the surname of the authors and year of publication. Multiple citations should be made in alphabetical order.

Some examples:

• single author: Sayers (1970); (Sayers, 1970);
• two authors: Moraes and Furuie (2010); (Moraes and Furuie, 2010);
• more than two authors: Ferreira et al. (1984) , (Ferreira et al., 1984);
• multiple citation: Ferreira et al. (1984), Moraes and Furuie (2010) and Sayers (1970); (Ferreira et al., 1984; Moraes and Furuie, 2010; Sayers, 1970);
• multiple citation of the same author and year: Santos (2003a; 2003b; 2007); (Santos, 2003a; 2003b; 2007).

Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references and their correct citation in the text.